Warm, calm scene with a pregnancy symbol and a glucose test strip. Gestational diabetes is a usually temporary form of diabetes in pregnancy.
🧑🍼
Test in weeks 24–28
Temporary diabetes
Usually temporary – but
important to detect and
manage well.
Well treated, most pregnancies proceed without complications.
Gestational diabetes is a disturbance of glucose metabolism that appears for the first time during pregnancy. In most cases, values return to normal after the birth.
How it develops
Evidence level: established
During pregnancy the placenta produces hormones that weaken insulin’s action – a natural process that supplies the baby with nutrients. In some women the pancreas can no longer offset this growing insulin resistance, so blood sugar rises. Contributing factors include pre-pregnancy overweight, older age, family history or a previous gestational diabetes.
Detecting it: the glucose test in pregnancy
Evidence level: established
Because gestational diabetes often causes no noticeable symptoms, testing is done deliberately. Screening usually takes place between weeks 24 and 28 of pregnancy with a glucose tolerance test (OGTT). At increased risk, testing can be done earlier. For diagnosis, blood sugar is measured fasting and one and two hours after drinking the glucose solution.
Three steps: first, screening via a glucose test between weeks 24 and 28 of pregnancy, earlier if at risk. Second, treatment, first through diet and exercise, insulin if needed. Third, aftercare, a repeat glucose test about 4 to 12 weeks after birth, because the later diabetes risk is raised. Target blood-sugar values: fasting below 95, one hour after eating below 140, two hours below 120 mg per decilitre.
From diagnosis to aftercare
1
Screening
Glucose test in
weeks 24–28
2
Treatment
first diet &
movement, insulin if needed
3
Aftercare
Test 4–12 weeks
after birth
Commonly targeted values (individual, set medically)
Fasting below 95 · 1 hour after eating below 140 · 2 hours below 120 mg/dl
Values and approach are always set by the treatment team.
Treating it: usually through diet and movement
In most women, blood sugar can be kept in the target range through an adjusted diet and regular movement alone. If that isn’t enough, insulin is used – it’s well studied in pregnancy and safe for the child. Blood sugar is self-measured regularly. The aim is to avoid larger blood-sugar spikes, to protect mother and child.
After the birth: don’t forget
Blood sugar usually normalises on its own after delivery. Aftercare matters: a repeat glucose test about 4–12 weeks after birth shows whether values have recovered. Women who had gestational diabetes have a markedly (about threefold) increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later – regular check-ups and a healthy lifestyle help prevent this.
Key takeaways
- Gestational diabetes arises from pregnancy-related insulin resistance and usually resolves after birth.
- Screening by glucose test usually in weeks 24–28 (earlier if at risk).
- Treatment first through diet and movement, with insulin if needed.
- Aftercare test 4–12 weeks after birth; raised type 2 risk later.
Sources
Sources as of: 21 Jul 2026.
- Gestational diabetes: development, screening (weeks 24–28), treatment, aftercare. Diabinfo. diabinfo.de
- Diagnosis thresholds and management in pregnancy; postpartum retesting. ADA Standards of Care. diabetesjournals.org
- Gestational diabetes overview and later type 2 risk. IQWiG / Gesundheitsinformation. gesundheitsinformation.de